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While open surgical exploration still represents the most commonly applied surgical technique, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is becoming widely accepted in the light of the reduction of access trauma for the patient.
In addition, the surgical scenario is evolving under the influences of a number of emerging technologies. Image guided surgery, augmented reality, intelligent surgical instruments, robotics and bioengineering contributing to evolve the surgical procedures from a "traditional" model, based only on the surgeons' skill, to the "computer assisted" model, where surgeons and machines work together in a synergistic way.
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Full integration of advanced imaging and robotics/mechatronics, into interventional radiology and minimally invasive surgical methods will result in fundamental changes in therapeutic strategies and approaches.
The computer-assisted model improves the quality of surgical intervention providing tools and methods to assist (never substitute!) the surgeon and to exploit his/her skills.
Advances in technology have already resulted in sweeping changes in diagnostic radiology, and more widespread use of modern therapeutic devices, computers and advanced imaging technologies will have a far-reaching effect on surgery as well.
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